Melittin is a major component of bee venom, responsible for the pain and inflammation associated with bee stings. It is a powerful anti-inflammatory agent that increases the permeability of cell membranes, leading to the lysis of cells and the release of cellular contents, which causes localized pain, redness, and swelling. In non-allergic individuals, these symptoms are typically mild and resolve within hours. However, in allergic individuals, melittin can trigger systemic reactions, including anaphylaxis, characterized by hives, swelling, difficulty breathing, and potentially, death if untreated.
Vector of Transmission
Sting from Honey Bees
Symptoms
Initially, sharp pain, swelling, redness at the sting site.
Progression
For non-allergic individuals, symptoms subside within a few hours. In allergic individuals, systemic reactions such as hives, swelling (angioedema), difficulty breathing, and anaphylactic shock.
Treatments
Baking Soda Paste: Applied to neutralize venom.
Honey: Applied topically for its antimicrobial properties and soothing effect.
Plantain Leaf: Chewed and applied to draw out toxins and reduce inflammation.