Leprosy, or Hansen’s disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. This disease primarily affects the skin, peripheral nerves, mucosal surfaces of the upper respiratory tract, and the eyes. Early symptoms include light or dark skin patches with loss of sensation, as well as muscle weakness. If left untreated, it can lead to severe nerve damage, resulting in debilitating complications like muscle wasting, paralysis, and deformities. Leprosy is not highly contagious, but prolonged, close contact with untreated cases can lead to transmission.
Symptoms
Early signs include discolored skin patches with loss of sensation, numbness, and weakness in the hands and feet. Muscle weakness and eye problems like dry eyes and reduced blinking may occur.
Progression
If untreated, the disease can cause progressive and permanent damage to the skin, nerves, limbs, and eyes. Severe cases result in significant disfigurement and disability, including clawed hands, dropped foot, and blindness.
Treatment
- Neem leaves (antimicrobial) can be applied as a paste on affected areas or consumed as tea.
- Chaulmoogra Oil used in various forms.
- Possible amputation of affected limbs.